View from a window is the above photograph. This above image was the first successful permanent Photograph taken by French inventor Joseph Nicephore Niepce in 1826. This photo was taken with a Camera Obscura focused on a sheet of 20 x 25cm oil-treated bitumen(a petroleum derivative). This above picture was taken in 8 hour exposure, sunlight illuminated the buildings on both sides.

The discovery of Photography was not an overnight miracle, it was the collection of efforts being made from centuries by some eminent people working independently. The history claims that there were some photographer and photographs being made from 4th century B.C. some more prevalent proofs are of 16th and 17th century but the artists couldn’t get those photographs permanent and those techniques documented.

Photography gets completed with two steps, one is taking the image and other is fixing the image on a medium where it can be kept for record. Johann Heinrich Schulze, in 19th century discovered that the silver nitrate darkened upon exposure to light, which results in production of Photogram. These photograms were made by placing objects on paper soaked in silver nitrate and exposed to light. However, this image does not last for long on paper.

It was Aristotle who in 4th Century B.C. observed, that a narrow beam of light entering a dark-room projected an inverted image of an outside object. In 1490 A.D. Leonardo da Vinci realized that it could be used for accurate draught(drawing) and perspective. Principally a group of four man in the 19th century contributed more to the above said basic principals of photography. Those were…

Joseph Nicephone Niepce, a French Physicist, made first photograph on metal in 1826 which was called Heliograph.

Niepce in association with Louis Jacques Mande Daguerre, a French Painter, who invented a method of making direct positive image on silver coated copper plate – known as Dauguerreotype. His method was taken by French Government and made public on 19th August 1839.

Now 19th August is celebrated as World Photography Day.

An English scientist, William Henry Fox Talbot, had also evolved a method of making a negative from which numerous positive copies could be made. He invented he salted paper and Calotype Processes. He had also found out a method of fixing images, but could not announce his work in time.

In 1819, Sir John Herschel discovered the suitability of Hyposulphite of soda (Hypo) as fixing agent of the sensitized paper images.

Photography became more famous and affordable when in 1888, when Goerge Eastman introduced film roll and a simple Kodak box camera. As basic concept was clear and made public now more experiments were carried out and with time camera & lenses get more precise. The Dark room Processes also became more precise, adding depth and sharpness to photographic prints.

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